History of refrigerator
How was the refrigerator that was essential to our lives
born? I will briefly introduce the history.
Originally it was a tool to cool using ice
In 1803, Thomas Moore of the United States created "a
tool for refrigeration using ice" and named it "refrigerator".
Later, when the electric refrigerator is generalized, the
name "refrigerator" will be inherited, leading to the present.
The refrigerator manufactured and sold by Kervineta in the
United States in 1918 is said to be the prototype of a widely used household
refrigerator.
The refrigerator manufactured and sold by Kervineta in the
United States in 1918 is said to be the prototype oBirth of domestic
refrigerator No. 1 in 1930
Even in Japan, a refrigerator that uses conventional ice was
common.
In 1930, Shibaura Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (now Toshiba)
manufactured and sold the first domestic domestic refrigerator, SS-1200.
Standard price 720 yen. At that time, it was the price that
one small house could be built, and the purchasers were very limited, such as
upper class or luxury restaurants.
From high-growth era dream products to household necessities
In the late 1950s, the spread to general homes progressed
rapidly and, together with black-and-white TVs and washing machines, it was
called "three kinds of jinki" and became popular.
In the 1960s, frozen foods were actively developed, and
refrigerators with freezers were put on the market according to demand. In
1969, a two-door type in which a refrigerator and a freezer were separated
appeared, and this type can be seen even now.
In 1973, a three-door refrigerator with a separate vegetable
storage room was launched. In addition, the fourth Middle East War broke out in
the same year. "Energy saving", which manufacturers recommend energy
saving due to the oil crisis, is also attracting attention from around this
time.
In 1975, the penetration rate of refrigerators became almost
100%, and one era has reached the age of one.
Sponsoring
Sponsoringf a widely usedrefrigerator
Source: Free encyclopedia "Wikipedia (Wikipedia)"
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Open the household electric refrigerator
A refrigerator (English: Refrigerator) [1] is a product
intended to store articles such as food at low temperature. Nowadays, it often
refers to an electric refrigerator that uses electric energy for cooling.
household refrigerator.
Outline
An electric refrigerator is an electrical facility facility
or an electrical product intended to store articles such as food at low
temperatures. Those that use ice are sometimes called "cooler
storage", "refrigerated boxes", etc.
In general, it is used at about 4-10 ° C. for the purpose of
not freezing water at 0 ° C. or higher. What is intended to freeze at 0 ° C or
lower is called a freezer, and a product that combines both functions may be
called a refrigerator-freezer.
Refrigerator as a home appliance
As for the structure, a refrigerator, which is a type of
heat pump, is basically attached to a box that holds the contents, and the heat
in the storage is dissipated to the outside, and a heat insulating material is
used for the wall separating the interior and the exterior. It is blocking
movement. A door is also provided for loading and unloading articles. In
addition, in order to make the contents easy to see, a mode in which
illumination is provided inside is also common.
As a result, the refrigerator cools the inside of the
refrigerator,
As for the structure, a refrigerator, which is a type of
heat pump, is basically attached to a box that holds the contents, and the heat
in the storage is dissipated to the outside, and a heat insulating material is
used for the wall separating the interior and the exterior. It is blocking
movement. A door is also provided for loading and unloading articles. In
addition, in order to make the contents easy to see, a mode in which
illumination is provided inside is also common.
As a result of cooling the inside of the refrigerator, the
moisture in the air inside the refrigerator condenses on the cooled portion,
resulting in frost. Since the frost is periodically melted and discharged to
the outside of the storage room, the humidity in the storage decreases and it
dries. When sashimi or meat is stored, a wrap film is used so as not to dry. In
order to suppress the decrease in humidity, the vegetable room for containing
vegetables whose dried state is not desirable is configured to be indirectly
cooled from the outside of the cabinet. In large kitchens and the like for
business use, a constant temperature and high humidity storage may be set in a
low temperature state instead of a normal refrigerator in order to prevent the
food from being dried.
The smell of raw materials etc.
For household use, one that has a refrigerator and freezer
(and related functions) integrated in an all-in-one form is the mainstream, but
in the specialized fields as described later, the inside of the cabinet is set
In some cases, additional functions may be provided in line with the purpose,
such as a single-function product kept at a constant temperature (various
ranges thereof) and a function of a showcase for displaying goods.
The color of the housing of the household electric
refrigerator is often white, and it is also the reason why it is called
"white goods". Since the 2000s, in addition to white, products of
various colors have come to be marketed from the pursuit of interior character,
etc., and there are also companies that apply paint to refrigerators [3].
Refrigerator advertisement (1926)
Refrigerator other than household appliances
In familiar examples, such as refrigerated showcases such as
retailers, and a huge refrigerator or freezer that uses the entire room in the
backyard, etc., in many developing countries, especially in developed
countries, retail stage Refrigerators and freezers are used in various ways,
including distribution and production facilities for fresh food and processed
food.
The refrigerated car for carrying products that require
cooling, such as seafood and fresh foods such as milk, has a mechanism similar
to a refrigerator and has a structure that can cool the inside of the bed. In
addition, courier services such as "cool flight" and "chilled
flight" use a vehicle equipped with a refrigerator and a freezer inside.
There is also a cooler-box-type mini-refrigerator that can be used with a DC
12V power supply for passenger cars.
Prefab refrigerator for business use.
Principle of cooling
Refer to "Refrigerator" for details
Two cooling methods have been used for a long time,
utilizing the phenomenon that the temperature of the object is lowered by
vaporization. In addition to this, in recent years, a system utilizing the
Peltier effect by a semiconductor instead of vaporization has also been put to
practical use and used in small applications. Evaporative compression type
Capacitor
Expansion valve
Evaporator
compressor
The refrigerant is circulated in a closed pipe using
compression. It is called a compression type from here. For household use, it
is common to use an electrically operated compressor for compression.
Therefore, although there are many electric refrigerators when it comes to a
refrigerator, there is also a type that uses gas pressure for compression. In
addition, some have used an ejector instead of an expansion valve to
increCondenser (dissipator, condenser): The refrigerant stores heat in a high
pressure gas state, and returns to liquid by radiating heat. (liquid)
Expansion valve (expansion valve): A thin pipe suddenly
reduces its pressure by reducing its thickness to a boiling point. (Liquid, low
pressure liquid)
Evaporator (evaporator, vaporizer): A liquid whose boiling
point is lowered removes the heat of vaporization from the surroundings and
evaporates (vaporizes). (Cooling by vaporization: liquid turns into gas →
cooling occurs) (this part is placed in the refrigerator)
Compressor (compressor): Gas.ase the efficiency (ejector
cycle).
CFC was used as a refrigerant, but it has been shifted to
isobutane etc. after CFC ban. However, isobutane is not a completely new
refrigerant and has been used before CFC. Although CFCs were perfect for
refrigerant applications, their use in consideration of environmental impact is
prohibited. In recent years, ammonia, which is excellent in efficiency, has
attracted attention again, but since it is dangerous if it leaks, it is
equipped with a sensor, an alarm, etc. and used in a freezer warehouse etc.,
but it is not adopted for home use.
Vaporization absorption type
Use a liquid for the circulation of the refrigerant. The
liquid moves the refrigerant by absorbing (adsorbing) the refrigerant and
circulating it. This liquid is called an absorbing liquid, and hence is called
an absorbing type. The fluid is circulated by heating. For this purpose, a heat
source is used, and there are a gas refrigerator using a gas burner as the
generator and an electric refrigerator using an electric heater. In this
absorption type, a two-way type such as a gas / electric alternating current
100 V switching system and a three-way type such as a gas / electric
alternating current 100 V / direct current 12 V switching system are generally
used. It is superior in quietness to a compression type that requires a
compressor, and is often used for medical treatment (for hospitals, etc.),
hotels, and leisure because the power source does not have to be electricity.
The refrigerant circulates in the closed pipe.
Absorber
Generator (Regenerator, Generator, Boiler)
Separator rectification device rectifier
Condenser (dissipator condenser)
Performs evaporator cooling
In the absorber, an aqueous ammonia solution in which water
absorbs ammonia is prepared. In the generator (boiler), the aqueous ammonia
solution is heated. Because it has a lower boiling point than water, ammonia
gasifies from the solution and forms a foam. Ammonia gas is separated from
water in the separator. Water is returned to the absorber. In the radiator,
ammonia that has become gas releases heat and becomes liquid. The ammonia
solution whose concentration has increased in the evaporator is depressurized
and vaporized. Cooling occurs. In the absorber, water absorbs the ammonia
returned through another path to form an aqueous ammonia solution.
Sweden-based Domestic (Separate from Electrolux (2001)) is a
leading manufacturer of refrigerators specializing in this type of cooling.
Domestic company expresses it as absorption type and absorption system.
Ammonia that was once used as a refrigerant in the
vaporization and compression type was anhydrous ammonia (AnhydrThe ammonia used
as the refrigerant in the mold is an aqueous ammonia solution (Aqua Ammonia).
Stirling refrigerator
Refer to "Stirling Refrigerator" for details
A temperature difference is generated by rotating the
Stirling engine with external power. It was used to cool the optical sensors of
Earth Observation Satellite 1 satellite. It is also used to cool infrared
imaging devices and superconducting magnets.